How To Draw A Cinder Cone Volcano Online

Volcanic eruptions are one of the most powerful natural forces on our planet.

Making your ain miniature erupting volcano is a peachy, rubber way to beginning learning about these incredible geological features.

Watch the video above to find out how to brand a volcano model from household items, and so stand up back and scout information technology erupt.

Read on for written instructions and to discover more than about volcanoes.

How to make an erupting volcano model

For the volcano model:

Two A3 sheets of menu
200 ml plastic bottle
Pencil
Pair of scissors
Tape
Paint and paintbrushes

For the eruption:

Small bowl
Cup
1 tbsp bicarbonate of soda (baking soda)
1 tbsp washing up liquid
2 tbsp water
½ loving cup vinegar
1 tbsp reddish food colouring

1. Place your bottle upside down in the centre of a sheet of card and draw a small-scale circle effectually the cervix.

2. Cut a straight line through the card to the middle of the circle, and cut it out.

In the middle of the carte, draw around the bottleneck and cutting out the circle

3. Overlap the two sides of the bill of fare to make a cone shape. Tape this into place, leaving a hole where you cut out the circle.
Cut around the base of the cone so that it sits flat, but brand sure that it is all the same taller than your canteen.

4. Place the cone over the canteen. Tape the peak of the newspaper cone to the neck of the bottle to concur it in place. Tape the base of operations of the cone to the other canvas of menu.

5. Use paint to decorate the cone and brand it look similar a volcano. Allow your model to fully dry.

Cut away the card at the base of the cone so that it sits flat

6. In a bowl, combine the bicarbonate of soda and washing upward liquid. Add the water and mix thoroughly. Pour this mixture into your volcano.

7. In a loving cup, mix together the vinegar and food colouring.

8. When you're set up, pour the vinegar into the bottle with the bicarbonate. Wait for it to erupt and lookout how the lava flows.

9. Experiment with different amounts of bicarbonate and vinegar and run into how the volcano'due south eruption changes.

Take care when handling the eruption ingredients and stand back when watching the eruption to make sure you lot don't go any in your optics. Make sure you are working in a well ventilated area.

To make cleaning upwards easier, it's best to stand your model on a wipe-clean surface.

What is a volcano?

Rather than being one solid surface, Earth's crust and the uppermost parts of the pall (together called the lithosphere) are broken into several tectonic plates that float over the asthenosphere. This is a deeper layer of stone that is a solid just flows very slowly.

This slow procedure moves the plates further autonomously (divergent boundary) or closer together (convergent boundary), or causes them to slide past each other (transform boundary).

Volcanoes typically form at divergent and convergent boundaries, just are also seen in hot spots in the middle of tectonic plates.

Mount Fuji is one of the world'due south most famous active volcanoes. It last erupted in the early on 1700s and is located nearly 100 kilometres from Japan's capital city, Tokyo, although some smaller cities sit much closer. © Marion & Christoph Aistleitner via Wikimedia Commons (CC0)

Volcanoes are an opening of the Globe'due south crust through which molten rock, gases and ash can escape. This mixture of materials is called magma while information technology'southward cloak-and-dagger, lava when information technology is erupted and igneous stone once it'southward cooled and solidified on the surface.

Volcanoes are typically high footing or mountains, sometimes with very steep sides made from the magma that erupted.

Types of volcano

Volcanoes come in a variety of shapes and sizes, primarily caused by the different types of magma, only also by how volcanoes behave and where they're located.

Stratovolcanoes

Stratovolcanoes are the nigh common and perhaps virtually recognisable blazon of volcano. Stratovolcanoes are steep-sloped and cone-shaped. They are too known every bit blended volcanoes.

They mostly produce explosive eruptions and are most normally associated with convergent plate boundaries. Their lava is sticky (viscous), which means that it doesn't usually spread as well far before cooling on the surface, giving the volcano a tall and cone-shaped contour.

Mountain St Helens, a stratovolcano in the United States, famously erupted in May 1980. An explosive lateral blast occurred when a stiff earthquake acquired a massive landslide that complanate the northern confront of the mountain. This reduced pressure and assuasive the volcano to explode from its side. © Harry Glicken, USGS/CVO via Wikimedia Commons

The vehement 79 Advertisement eruption of the still-active stratovolcano Mountain Vesuvius in Italia is regarded as the deadliest in European history. It may accept killed more than xvi,000 people in total.

Several settlements were destroyed by its pyroclastic menstruation, the near famous being the ancient Roman city of Pompeii. Pyroclastic period is a very hot mixture of ash, gases and other volcanic materials that moves at high speed along the flank of the volcano.

This was a Plinian eruption, with jets of magma and gases emerging from the volcano at high speeds. These types of eruptions can terminal for several days and cause a plume of superheated ash and gas that can expand and achieve a height of 55 kilometres.

Stromboli is another of Italy'southward agile stratovolcanoes, but it behaves differently to Vesuvius. This island volcano has been exhibiting a pattern of eruption for 2,000 years. Mildly explosive blasts of magma - called fire fountains - consistently occur from a few minutes to a few hours autonomously. This type of eruption is known every bit strombolian and is exhibited by other volcanoes around the world, such as by Mount Erebus in Antarctica.

A gauche painting past Mauton of Mountain Vesuvius erupting in 1836 © Wellcome Collection (CC BY 4.0)

Shield volcanoes

Shield volcanoes are generally not as tall as stratovolcanoes, although they tin can still reach great heights. Olympus Mons is a shield volcano on the planet Mars. It'south the largest volcano in the solar organization at effectually 25 kilometres tall and 624 metres in diameter.

A shield volcano'due south eruptions are unremarkably gentle and non-explosive and are instead known for their lava flows and fountains. Shield volcanoes take runny lava (low viscosity) that travels farther than the stickier lava of stratovolcanoes. This flowing lava results in the far-reaching, gently sloping sides of these volcanoes.

Mauna Kea is a fallow shield volcano in Hawaii. Its peak is the highest point in the state of Hawaii, at 4,207 metres above sea level © Nula666 via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0)

Shield volcanoes are typically located on hot spots establish across tectonic plates rather than at the boundaries. The best known are the Hawaiian volcanoes such as Mauna Loa, Mauna Kea and Kīauea.

Other volcanoes around the world also showroom gentle Hawaiian eruptions. This blazon of eruption can produce lava fountains that tin be hundreds of metres tall and travel at speeds of up to 100 metres per second.

Cinder cones

Cinder cones are relatively modest volcanoes fabricated from loose volcanic material. Most are brusque-lived and tin grow on the sides of larger volcanoes. They typically form through an explosive eruption or lava fountain from a single vent.

One of the best known is Parícutin, a volcano that suddenly formed in a cornfield in Michoacán, United mexican states, beginning in 1943. Due to its continuous strombolian eruptions, the volcano grew until its eruptions ceased in 1952. It had reached 300 metres alpine.

Parícutin was the first time that volcanologists were able to document the full life cycle of a volcano.

The cinder cone volcano, Parícutin, erupting in 1943 © Bodil Christensen via Wikimedia Commons

Supervolcanoes

The largest and most explosive volcanoes on World are popularly called supervolcanoes, although this isn't a scientifically defined blazon of volcano. These enormous volcanoes produce behemothic calderas - volcanic craters formed by the collapse of the volcano itself when the magma sleeping accommodation below was emptied by an eruption.

One of the most famous is Yellowstone in the United States, which has a caldera around 72 past 55 kilometres. The Yellowstone supervolcano terminal erupted around 630,000 years ago.

The Yellowstone supervolcano is well known for its geothermal activeness in the class of hot springs, fumaroles and geysers

There are around xx known supervolcano sites around the world. The most recent supereruption was of Taupo volcano in New Zealand around 26,000 years ago.

The eruption of the Indonesian supervolcano Toba around 73,000 years agone is also thought to accept triggered a driblet of two-3 degrees Celsius in air temperature globally, causing a 5- to seven-yr volcanic wintertime. This eruption may have had an profound impact on the form of the man species.